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>> HOUSTON ON TWO.

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NO RESPONSE REQUIRED, THIS IS

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YOUR TWO-MINUTE WARNING.

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>> WE ARE READY TO BEGIN WHEN

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YOU ARE.

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>> READY TO GO.

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>> READY TO GO ON TWO.

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>> MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF

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TECHNOLOGY, THIS IS MISSION

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CONTROL HOUSTON.

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PLEASE CALL STATION FOR A VOICE

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CHECK.

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>> STATION THIS IS DEPARTMENT OF

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AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS AT

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M.I T. HERE WITH OUR STUDENTS.

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ARE YOU READY?

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>> OH, YEAH, JOYCE, I AM READY.

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[ APPLAUSE ]

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>> JACK, I -- I AM REALLY

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SPEECHLESS.

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PERSONALLY I AM SO THRILLED FOR

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YOU I AM SO HAPPY FOR OUR

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STUDENT HERE, I HAVE BEEN

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SMILING EVER SINCE YOU GOT THE

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MISSION.

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EVER SINCE YOU LAUNCHED.

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YOU DESERVE ALL THE BEST THINGS

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IN THE WORLD.

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YOU ARE A SPECIAL PERSON.

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THAT'S WHAT HAPPENS TO M.I.T.

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STUDENTS.

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THEY ARE SPECIAL.

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AND JACK IS ONE OF OUR BEST AND

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I CAN JUST GO ON AND ON BUT I'LL

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SAVE THAT FOR LATER ONCE YOU GET

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BACK OVER DRINKS.

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>> I'LL PAY YOU WHEN I GET HOME.

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>> KIDS, THE QUESTIONERS, YO,

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FOLKS, MY PEOPLE, MY PEOPLE.

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I WILL TURNOVER TO YOU.

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>> HI, JACK, MY NAME IS BRAD, I

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AM A FIRST YEAR GRAD STUDENT

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HERE AT M.I.T. IN THE LEADER

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CIRCLE OF OPERATIONS PROGRAM.

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MY QUESTION IS NASA HAS BEEN

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SPENDING ASTRONAUTS TO SPACE FOR

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OVER HALF OF A CENTURY AND

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TRAINING HAS CONTINUED TO EVOLVE

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OVER THE YEARS AND WHAT WAS THE

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MOST SURPRISING THING TO YOU

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WHEN YOU FIRST ARRIVED IN SPACE?

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>> WELL, YOU KNOW, NO MATTER HOW

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MUCH TRAINING YOU HAVE IT JUST

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CAN'T PREPARE YOU FOR HOW

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AWESOME IT IS UP HERE.

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ONE OF MY COLLEAGUES SAID THAT I

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WAS LIKE A SMART LITTLE

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12-YEAR-OLD IN THE MIDDLE OF

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DISNEYLAND AFTER TWO SHOTS OF

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ESPRESSO.

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I AM JUST SO EXCITED.

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YOU KNOW, EIGHT MINUTES AFTER

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LIGHTING THE MOTOR, I LOOK OUT

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THE WINDOW AND I SEE, YOU KNOW

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WHAT I HAVE ONLY SEEN IN

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PICTURES.

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AND YOU JUST CAN'T GET IT FROM A

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PICTURE.

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YOU HAVE TO EXPERIENCE.

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BECAUSE THERE IS ALMOST A SOUL

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TO IT.

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AND THE REALITY IS JUST SO

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AMAZING.

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AND THEN WHEN YOU ARE HERE, AND

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I KNOW EVERYBODY THERE CAN

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RELATE TO THIS, WHEN YOU FIND A

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NEW WAY TO LOOK AT A PROBLEM, IT

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MAKES YOUR MIND GROW.

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AND THIS STATION, EVERY DAY, MY

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MIND IS GROWING.

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AND THINKING IN THREE DIMENSIONS

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AND IT IS -- IT'S AN INCREDIBLE

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EXPERIENCE THAT I THINK MAKES

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YOU BETTER.

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AND THAT'S WHY I REALLY, REALLY

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FEEL THAT WE SHOULD EXPLORE

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MORE.

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AND THAT WE SHOULD GET MORE

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PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THIS BECAUSE

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NO MATTER HOW MUCH TRAINING YOU

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HAVE, TO EXPERIENCE THIS AND TO

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HAVE THIS REGENESIS OF

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EXCITEMENT AND WANTING TO

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EXPLORE IS SOMETHING THAT WE

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JUST CAN'T CAPTURE ANY OTHER

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WAY.

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>> HI, JACK, MY NAME IS

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CHRISTINE CHAPPELLE AND I AM

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CURRENTLY A SOPHOMORE IN THE

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DEPARTMENT OF AERO ASTRO.

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I WAS WONDERING BEFORE YOU

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LAUNCHED WHAT DID YOU THINK THE

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MOST IMPORTANT PART OF YOUR

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TRAINING IS?

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AND NOW THAT YOU ARE UP THERE

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HAS THAT ANSWERED CHANGED?

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>> WELL, YOU KNOW, IT PROBABLY

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HASN'T BECAUSE EMERGENCY

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TRAINING IS KIND OF THE MOST

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IMPORTANT.

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WE HAVE TO KNOW THAT STUFF COLD

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SO THAT WE CAN JUST DO IT IN AN

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EMERGENCY.

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YOU KNOW, YOU HAVE A FIRE

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DEPRESS OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT,

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YOU CAN'T REALLY SIT THERE AND

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TALK ABOUT IT.

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SO THAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT.

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IT'S WHAT WE SPEND THE MOST TIME

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ON.

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AND IT IS RIGHTLY SO.

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THE OTHER STUFF, OUR TRAINERS IN

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HOUSTON -- WELL, ALL AROUND THE

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WORLD FROM RUSSIA TO JAPAN TO

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GERMANY, TO HOUSTON, EVERYWHERE,

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CANADA, THEY DO A GREAT JOB OF

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GETTING US READY.

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GIVING US THE SKILLS WE NEED.

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WE ARE KIND OF JACKS OF ALL

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TRADE, MASTER OF NONE.

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SO WE NEED TO JUST BE ABLE TO

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LOOK AT A PROBLEM, HAVE THE

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GENERAL SKILLS TO FIGURE IT OUT

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AND DO IT AND THEY DO A REALLY

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GOOD JOB OF TRAINING US TO DO

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THAT.

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THE OTHER STUFF YOU PICK UP FROM

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YOUR CREW MEMBERS WHO HAVE BEEN

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HERE.

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AND I AM SUPER LUCKY, I HAVE

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PEGGY, DR. WHITSON WHO HAS MORE

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TIME ON SPACE THAN ANY U.S.

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ASTRONAUT.

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AND PETER HAS EVEN MORE, THIS IS

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HIS FIFTH SPACE FLIGHT.

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SO TWO VERY EXPERIENCED GUYS,

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PLUS THOMAS, AND OLEG NOVITSKIY,

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ARE JUST GREAT.

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SO THEY TEACH ME EVERYTHING ELSE

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I NEED TO KNOW.

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I THINK, EMERGENCY, YES, MOST

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IMPORTANT.

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AND THEY DID A GOOD JOB OF IT.

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EVERYTHING ELSE WE HAVE LEARNED

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THE SKILLS OR GET IT UP HERE.

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>> [ INAUDIBLE ] CERTAINLY

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FISHER.

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IT'S REFRESHING TO SEE THE

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SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES OF THE

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U.S. AND RUSSIA WORKING SO

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CLOSELY TO MAINTAIN MANNED SPACE

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FLIGHT AT A TIME WHEN ATTENTIONS

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BETWEEN THE COUNTRIES ARE SO

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HEIGHTENED.

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WHAT WOULD YOU IDENTIFY AS SOME

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UNEXPECTED COMMONALITIES AND

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DIFFERENCES YOU HAVE FOUND

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BETWEEN YOURSELF AND SAY FYODOR

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AND OLEG?

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>> YOU DIDN'T SAY YOUR NAME, BUT

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YOU SHOULD HAVE, BECAUSE I THINK

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THAT'S JOHN.

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AND I HAVE KNOWN JOHN A WHILE.

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I ACTUALLY WORKED FOR HIS DAD

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DOWN IN EGGLAND.

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SO HELLO, JOHN GRAHAM.

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>> HELLO, CERTAINLY FISHER.

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>> YES, I THINK THAT -- I THINK

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THAT THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE

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STATION IS THE GREATEST EXAMPLE

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OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN

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THE HISTORY OF HUMANITY.

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BAR NONE.

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WE HAD 15 COUNTRIES COME

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TOGETHER AND MAKE AN AMAZING

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INTERNATIONAL LABORATORY.

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EVERY DAY WE ARE WORKING

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TOGETHER.

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WE JUST HAD AN EMERGENCY

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PROCEDURES DRILL THAT HAD PEOPLE

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ON ALL SORTS OF CONTINUE THENS

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ALL AROUND THE WORLD WORKING

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TOGETHER WITH US.

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YOU KNOW, IT'S JUST AMAZING.

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AND IT'S EVERY DAY.

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AND BEING ABLE TO SHOW THE WORLD

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AND SERVE AS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT

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YOU CAN DO WHEN YOU WORK

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TOGETHER IS REALLY IMPORTANT TO

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US.

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FYODOR AND I HAVE AN UNOFFICIAL

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EMBLEM FOR OUR MISSION THAT'S

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MODELED AFTER APOLLO

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[ INAUDIBLE ] AND LOOKS JUST

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LIKE THE APOLLO MATCH.

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BUT THE SAYING IS [SPEAKING

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FOREIGN LANGUAGE] SO ONE TEAM.

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IT'S ONE TEAM WORKING TOGETHER

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TO ACCOMPLISH GREAT THINGS.

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YOU KNOW, AS FAR AS DIFFERENCES

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AND SIMILARITIES, THE

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SIMILARITIES ARE THE IMPORTANT

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THINGS.

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SO HARD WORK, INTEGRITY, A

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DESIRE TO EXPLORE.

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WE ALL HAVE THAT.

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OR WE WOULDN'T BE HERE.

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AND THE OTHER STUFF, IT'S JUST

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NOT THAT IMPORTANT TO OUR SHARED

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FUTURE.

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SO WE FOCUS ON WHAT WE HAVE IN

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COMMON.

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WE RESPECT OUR -- EACH OTHER'S

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CULTURES AND TRY TO DIVE IN TO

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THAT AND GET TO KNOW AND

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APPRECIATE THE GOODNESS THAT

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EVERYONE BRINGS.

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BUT WHEN IT COMES DOWN TO IT,

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THE MOST IMPORTANT STUFF WE

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SHARE, THOSE MORALS AND VALUES

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AND WE CAN LEVERAGE THAT TO WORK

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TOGETHER AND DO GREAT THINGS.

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>> THANK YOU, SIR, SORRY FOR

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SCREWING UP RULE NUMBER ONE OF

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AIR FORCE BRIEFINGS.

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>> HI, JACK, MY NAME IS PIPER, I

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AM A JUNIOR IN THE AEROSPACE

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DEPARTMENT HERE.

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AND IN HIGH SCHOOL MY SENIOR

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YEAR I HAD THE REMARKABLE

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OPPORTUNITY TO MEET AND TALK

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WITH SOME ASTRONAUTS AND HELPED

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ME REALIZE MY OWN CALLING TO BE

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AN ENGINEER AND CHOOSE TO STUDY

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AT M.I.T., I AM CURIOUS WHAT DO

246
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YOU THINK WE CAN DO TO CONTINUE

247
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INSPIRING YOUNG PEOPLE ABOUT

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AEROSPACE AND ENGAGE THEM IN

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SPACE EXPLORATION?

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>> YOU KNOW, THE ANSWER IS ALL

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OF US NEED TO DO IT.

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YOU KNOW, A LOT OF TIMES WE ARE

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LIKE, OH, WELL, NASA SHOULD HAVE

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THIS PROGRAM OR THIS EDUCATION

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OUT REACH, YEAH, WE SHOULD.

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BUT IT'S ON ALL OF US.

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YOU, MEAN, PEOPLE AT NASA,

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PEOPLE AT M.I.T., WE NEED TO

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INSPIRE THOSE WHO FOLLOW US.

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WHEN I WAS AT M.I.T., YOU KNOW,

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I WAS HELPING WITH THE ROSSI

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DETACHMENT AND GOING DOWN TO A

263
00:10:39,038 --> 00:10:40,473
LOCAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AND

264
00:10:40,473 --> 00:10:41,874
EVERY NOW AND AGAIN TEACHING A

265
00:10:41,874 --> 00:10:43,576
SCIENCE LESSON IT, DOESN'T SOUND

266
00:10:43,576 --> 00:10:44,810
LIKE MUCH, BUT YOU NEVER KNOW

267
00:10:44,810 --> 00:10:47,213
WHAT THAT SEED IS, THAT'S GOING

268
00:10:47,213 --> 00:10:48,247
TO IGNITE?

269
00:10:48,247 --> 00:10:49,448
SOMEONE JUST LIKE IT DID FOR

270
00:10:49,448 --> 00:10:50,149
YOU.

271
00:10:50,149 --> 00:10:54,153
SO TAKE YOUR PASSION, YOU PEOPLE

272
00:10:54,153 --> 00:10:57,289
AT M.I.T., I GUARANTEE, ARE

273
00:10:57,289 --> 00:10:58,391
SUPER PASSIONATE ABOUT WHAT YOU

274
00:10:58,391 --> 00:10:59,291
ARE DOING.

275
00:10:59,291 --> 00:11:01,227
YOU LOVE -- YOU LOVE THE

276
00:11:01,227 --> 00:11:03,429
SCIENTISTS, YOU LIVE IT.

277
00:11:03,429 --> 00:11:04,930
SO SPREAD THAT.

278
00:11:04,930 --> 00:11:05,965
TAKE WHAT YOU HAVE AND SPREAD

279
00:11:05,965 --> 00:11:06,665
IT.

280
00:11:06,665 --> 00:11:08,968
WE ARE AT PROBABLY THE MOST

281
00:11:08,968 --> 00:11:10,069
EXCITING TIME IN SPACE

282
00:11:10,069 --> 00:11:12,571
EXPLORATION IN MY LIFETIME FOR

283
00:11:12,571 --> 00:11:14,306
SURE, BECAUSE THERE IS SO MUCH

284
00:11:14,306 --> 00:11:15,207
GOING ON.

285
00:11:15,207 --> 00:11:17,309
WE GOT THIS SWEET, SWEET

286
00:11:17,309 --> 00:11:20,646
STATION, WE HAVE COMMERCIAL CREW

287
00:11:20,646 --> 00:11:21,847
COMING ONLINE, WE ARE BUILDING

288
00:11:21,847 --> 00:11:23,382
THE BIGGEST ROCKET IN THE

289
00:11:23,382 --> 00:11:25,184
HISTORY OF MANKIND.

290
00:11:25,184 --> 00:11:28,087
WE ARE DOING ALL SORTS OF THINGS

291
00:11:28,087 --> 00:11:30,022
AND IT'S GAINING MOMENTUM.

292
00:11:30,022 --> 00:11:30,923
WE ARE BUILDING AN

293
00:11:30,923 --> 00:11:32,124
INFRASTRUCTURE THAT WE CAN

294
00:11:32,124 --> 00:11:33,826
REALLY LAUNCH OFF OF.

295
00:11:33,826 --> 00:11:34,960
THERE IS PROBABLY SOMEBODY IN

296
00:11:34,960 --> 00:11:37,163
THAT ROOM WHO IS GOING TO WALK

297
00:11:37,163 --> 00:11:37,963
ON MARS.

298
00:11:37,963 --> 00:11:40,800
I GUARANTEE THERE IS PLENTY OF

299
00:11:40,800 --> 00:11:42,701
PEOPLE IN THAT ROOM THAT WILL

300
00:11:42,701 --> 00:11:43,102
CONTRIBUTE TO IT.

301
00:11:43,102 --> 00:11:46,739
TAKE WHAT YOU HAVE AND SPREAD IT

302
00:11:46,739 --> 00:11:47,440
BEHIND YOU.

303
00:11:47,440 --> 00:11:52,778
WE ALL NEED TO TAKE A PART IN

304
00:11:52,778 --> 00:11:53,179
THAT.

305
00:11:53,179 --> 00:11:54,914
ANY FORM OF MEDIA THAT YOU HAVE,

306
00:11:54,914 --> 00:11:56,515
TWITTER, SNAP CHAT, WHATEVER,

307
00:11:56,515 --> 00:11:57,116
SPREAD IT.

308
00:11:57,116 --> 00:11:59,118
SPREAD THE GOSPEL OF SPACE

309
00:11:59,118 --> 00:12:00,719
FLIGHT.

310
00:12:00,719 --> 00:12:12,098
>> THANK YOU.

311
00:12:12,098 --> 00:12:14,033
>> HI, JACK, MY NAME IS MARTINA

312
00:12:14,033 --> 00:12:15,634
AND I AM A JUNIOR HERE.

313
00:12:15,634 --> 00:12:16,936
I WAS WONDERING, WHAT ARE YOUR

314
00:12:16,936 --> 00:12:18,437
INTERACTIONS WITH THE REST OF

315
00:12:18,437 --> 00:12:21,774
YOUR ASTRONAUTS LIKE IN TERMS OF

316
00:12:21,774 --> 00:12:22,274
SENIORITY?

317
00:12:22,274 --> 00:12:24,477
IS THERE A HIERARCHY?

318
00:12:24,477 --> 00:12:25,611
ALSO, WHAT PERCENTAGE OF YOUR

319
00:12:25,611 --> 00:12:28,414
TASKS ARE INDIVIDUAL VERSUS

320
00:12:28,414 --> 00:12:35,287
COLLABORATIVE?

321
00:12:35,287 --> 00:12:36,288
>> THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION.

322
00:12:36,288 --> 00:12:37,923
IT'S NOT QUITE AS REGIMENTED AS

323
00:12:37,923 --> 00:12:39,225
WHAT I WAS USED TO IN THE

324
00:12:39,225 --> 00:12:40,826
MILITARY BUT IT CERTAINLY IS.

325
00:12:40,826 --> 00:12:42,161
ESPECIALLY IN -- WE MENTIONED

326
00:12:42,161 --> 00:12:44,063
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS.

327
00:12:44,063 --> 00:12:45,164
PEGGY IS OUR COMMANDER RIGHT

328
00:12:45,164 --> 00:12:46,065
NOW.

329
00:12:46,065 --> 00:12:46,999
SHE IS THE BOSS.

330
00:12:46,999 --> 00:12:49,101
SO IN THOSE EMERGENCY

331
00:12:49,101 --> 00:12:50,402
SITUATIONS, WE NEED TO FOLLOW

332
00:12:50,402 --> 00:12:52,738
WHAT SHE IS DIRECTING US TO DO

333
00:12:52,738 --> 00:12:54,340
BECAUSE THERE IS NOT TIME FOR A

334
00:12:54,340 --> 00:12:55,040
DEMOCRACY.

335
00:12:55,040 --> 00:12:57,576
YOU JUST GOTTA GET IT DONE.

336
00:12:57,576 --> 00:12:59,879
HERE IN A MONTH OR TWO, FYODOR

337
00:12:59,879 --> 00:13:01,080
WILL TAKE OVER AND HE WILL BE

338
00:13:01,080 --> 00:13:02,515
THE COMMANDER AND IT'S THE SAME

339
00:13:02,515 --> 00:13:04,016
THING, AND OBVIOUSLY THEY HAVE

340
00:13:04,016 --> 00:13:05,317
SO MUCH EXPERIENCE THAT JUST

341
00:13:05,317 --> 00:13:07,052
MAKES SENSE.

342
00:13:07,052 --> 00:13:10,055
OTHER THAN THAT, WE ARE SUCH A

343
00:13:10,055 --> 00:13:14,393
SMALL CREW AND WE, IN THE USO

344
00:13:14,393 --> 00:13:15,694
SECTION THE THREE OF US ARE

345
00:13:15,694 --> 00:13:16,729
TOGETHER MOST OF THE DAY.

346
00:13:16,729 --> 00:13:17,930
THE RUSSIANS ARE TOGETHER MOST

347
00:13:17,930 --> 00:13:18,330
OF THE DAY.

348
00:13:18,330 --> 00:13:19,832
WE COME TOGETHER FOR MEALS.

349
00:13:19,832 --> 00:13:21,567
YOU KNOW, DEFINITELY SPEND A LOT

350
00:13:21,567 --> 00:13:22,268
OF TIME TOGETHER.

351
00:13:22,268 --> 00:13:24,170
BUT AS FAR AS DELINEATION

352
00:13:24,170 --> 00:13:26,505
BETWEEN DOING TASKS ON YOUR OWN

353
00:13:26,505 --> 00:13:30,042
OR TOGETHER, WE HAVE A LOT OF

354
00:13:30,042 --> 00:13:31,777
INDIVIDUAL TASKS.

355
00:13:31,777 --> 00:13:33,479
WE TRY TO GET THEM DONE AND BE

356
00:13:33,479 --> 00:13:35,181
EFFICIENT AND WHEN WE WALK BY

357
00:13:35,181 --> 00:13:37,183
AND SEE SOMEBODY HAVING A -- I

358
00:13:37,183 --> 00:13:39,318
AM SORRY, I SAID WALK BY.

359
00:13:39,318 --> 00:13:41,420
WHEN WE FLOAT BY, BECAUSE THAT'S

360
00:13:41,420 --> 00:13:43,556
AWESOME, WHEN WE FLOAT BY AND WE

361
00:13:43,556 --> 00:13:44,657
SEE THEY ARE HAVING AN ISSUE

362
00:13:44,657 --> 00:13:46,492
THEN WE STOP AND HELP THEM.

363
00:13:46,492 --> 00:13:47,993
AND THEN FOR THE REALLY BIG

364
00:13:47,993 --> 00:13:49,795
STUFF, THEY ACTUALLY SCHEDULE

365
00:13:49,795 --> 00:13:51,697
BOTH OF US OR EVEN THREE OF US

366
00:13:51,697 --> 00:13:53,732
TO WORK ON THE SAME ITEM.

367
00:13:53,732 --> 00:13:55,834
SO IT JUST DEPENDS ON WHAT TASK

368
00:13:55,834 --> 00:13:57,069
YOU ARE DOING.

369
00:13:57,069 --> 00:13:59,271
FITS A REALLY BIG, COMPLICATED

370
00:13:59,271 --> 00:14:00,272
THING THERE MIGHT BE MORE THAN

371
00:14:00,272 --> 00:14:00,873
ONE PERSON.

372
00:14:00,873 --> 00:14:03,209
BUT WE TRY TO WORK TOGETHER AS A

373
00:14:03,209 --> 00:14:05,010
TEAM REGARDLESS AND JUST GET THE

374
00:14:05,010 --> 00:14:07,413
JOB DONE.

375
00:14:07,413 --> 00:14:09,848
>> THANK YOU.

376
00:14:09,848 --> 00:14:10,749
>> HI, JACK.

377
00:14:10,749 --> 00:14:15,888
I AM LOGAN I AM UNDERGRADUATE

378
00:14:15,888 --> 00:14:17,089
CLASS OF 2019.

379
00:14:17,089 --> 00:14:17,990
FIRST OF ALL THANK YOU FOR

380
00:14:17,990 --> 00:14:18,824
GIVING US THIS OPPORTUNITY TO

381
00:14:18,824 --> 00:14:19,725
TALK TO YOU, IT'S REALLY

382
00:14:19,725 --> 00:14:20,226
AWESOME.

383
00:14:20,226 --> 00:14:22,628
AND MY QUESTION IS, IS HOW

384
00:14:22,628 --> 00:14:24,129
REGIMENTED IS YOUR TIME ON THE

385
00:14:24,129 --> 00:14:24,763
STATION?

386
00:14:24,763 --> 00:14:26,365
AND WHEN YOU DO HAVE FREE TIME,

387
00:14:26,365 --> 00:14:30,936
WHAT DO YOU DO?

388
00:14:30,936 --> 00:14:32,838
>> IT'S PRETTY DARN REGIMENTED.

389
00:14:32,838 --> 00:14:34,640
FIRST OFF, THANK JOYCE, BECAUSE

390
00:14:34,640 --> 00:14:35,774
SHE PUT IT TOGETHER AND SHE'S

391
00:14:35,774 --> 00:14:36,375
AWESOME.

392
00:14:36,375 --> 00:14:38,277
SHE'S MY GIRL.

393
00:14:38,277 --> 00:14:42,514
SECOND, AS FAR AS REGIMENTATION,

394
00:14:42,514 --> 00:14:43,816
WE HAVE THIS LITTLE RED LINE

395
00:14:43,816 --> 00:14:49,755
THAT GOES ACROSS OUR SCHEDULE,

396
00:14:49,755 --> 00:14:51,457
THEY ARE ANYWHERE FROM A

397
00:14:51,457 --> 00:14:53,492
THREE-HOUR TASK TO A FIVE-MINUTE

398
00:14:53,492 --> 00:14:53,792
TASK.

399
00:14:53,792 --> 00:14:55,294
DEPENDING ON WHAT YOU ARE DOING

400
00:14:55,294 --> 00:14:56,795
IT GETS TRICKY TO KEEP UP.

401
00:14:56,795 --> 00:15:00,833
WE HAVE TO WORK OUT SIX DAYS A

402
00:15:00,833 --> 00:15:04,236
WEEK, TWO AND-A-HALF HOURS A DAY

403
00:15:04,236 --> 00:15:05,871
SO WE DON'T COME BACK WALKING

404
00:15:05,871 --> 00:15:07,273
LIKE A 90-YEAR-OLD DUDE WITH

405
00:15:07,273 --> 00:15:08,874
BONE AND MUSCLE LOSS.

406
00:15:08,874 --> 00:15:11,010
THEN WE HAVE, TO YOU KNOW, JUST

407
00:15:11,010 --> 00:15:12,911
LIVING UP HERE IS, YOU KNOW, YOU

408
00:15:12,911 --> 00:15:14,013
GOTTA DO THINGS THAT YOU DON'T

409
00:15:14,013 --> 00:15:15,848
HAVE TO DO ON THE GROUND.

410
00:15:15,848 --> 00:15:17,449
YOU KNOW, HYGIENE IS DIFFERENT.

411
00:15:17,449 --> 00:15:19,785
AND GETTING OUR FOOD OUT OF A,

412
00:15:19,785 --> 00:15:22,388
YOU KNOW, SPIGOT IN THE WALL IS

413
00:15:22,388 --> 00:15:22,688
DIFFERENT.

414
00:15:22,688 --> 00:15:24,623
SO THERE IS JUST STUFF THAT YOU

415
00:15:24,623 --> 00:15:27,726
HAVE TO DO TO SURVIVE.

416
00:15:27,726 --> 00:15:30,396
SO THAT TAKES UP TIME.

417
00:15:30,396 --> 00:15:31,997
AND THEN YOU HAVE TO LOOK AT THE

418
00:15:31,997 --> 00:15:32,698
NEXT DAY.

419
00:15:32,698 --> 00:15:35,334
SO WHEN YOU PUT ALL THAT

420
00:15:35,334 --> 00:15:36,435
TOGETHER THERE IS NOT A LOT OF

421
00:15:36,435 --> 00:15:36,935
FREE TIME.

422
00:15:36,935 --> 00:15:38,270
BUT THE FREE TIME THAT YOU HAVE,

423
00:15:38,270 --> 00:15:40,372
YOU ARE REWARDED WITH THE MOST

424
00:15:40,372 --> 00:15:42,775
AMAZING VIEWS YOU COULD EVER

425
00:15:42,775 --> 00:15:44,376
IMAGINE.

426
00:15:44,376 --> 00:15:46,011
I CAN FLOAT OVER TO ANY ONE OF

427
00:15:46,011 --> 00:15:47,713
THESE WINDOWS, OPEN IT UP, YOU

428
00:15:47,713 --> 00:15:49,548
KNOW, DAY OR NIGHT, LOOK OUTSIDE

429
00:15:49,548 --> 00:15:51,550
AND SEE THINGS YOU JUST CAN'T

430
00:15:51,550 --> 00:15:51,850
IMAGINE.

431
00:15:51,850 --> 00:15:53,852
IT JUST -- IT DOESN'T EVEN MAKE

432
00:15:53,852 --> 00:15:56,488
SENSE TO ME, YOU KNOW, BEFORE I

433
00:15:56,488 --> 00:15:57,589
SAW THEM LAST NIGHT WE WERE

434
00:15:57,589 --> 00:15:58,991
TALKING PICTURES OF WHERE WE ARE

435
00:15:58,991 --> 00:16:02,127
GOING TO GO TO E.V.A.S AND I

436
00:16:02,127 --> 00:16:05,230
WAS IN THE RUSSIAN, RUN OF THE

437
00:16:05,230 --> 00:16:06,665
MODULES LOOKING DOWN WAITING FOR

438
00:16:06,665 --> 00:16:08,067
THE SUNRISE TO TAKE THESE

439
00:16:08,067 --> 00:16:09,568
PICTURES AND THERE IS THERE HUGE

440
00:16:09,568 --> 00:16:10,903
THUNDERSTORM OVER CHINA.

441
00:16:10,903 --> 00:16:13,405
AND YOU KNOW, WE ALWAYS SEE

442
00:16:13,405 --> 00:16:14,807
THUNDERSTORMS FROM BELOW AND

443
00:16:14,807 --> 00:16:16,208
SOMETIMES YOU'LL SEE CLOUD TO

444
00:16:16,208 --> 00:16:17,643
CLOUD LIGHTNING, BUT I WAS

445
00:16:17,643 --> 00:16:19,845
SEEING CLOUD TO CLOUD, CLOUD TO

446
00:16:19,845 --> 00:16:22,081
GROUND, OVER TOP LIGHTNING.

447
00:16:22,081 --> 00:16:23,882
IT WAS LIKE AWESOME.

448
00:16:23,882 --> 00:16:25,017
IT WAS SO BEAUTIFUL.

449
00:16:25,017 --> 00:16:26,418
IT WAS LIKE IT WAS ALIVE.

450
00:16:26,418 --> 00:16:28,520
SO, YOU KNOW, IF WE HAVE FREE

451
00:16:28,520 --> 00:16:29,655
TIME, WE ARE PROBABLY TAKING

452
00:16:29,655 --> 00:16:32,091
PICTURES OR CALLING HOME OR, YOU

453
00:16:32,091 --> 00:16:34,193
KNOW, TRYING TO SHARE THESE --

454
00:16:34,193 --> 00:16:35,527
THIS AMAZING EXPERIENCE WITH THE

455
00:16:35,527 --> 00:16:39,865
WORLD WITH TWEETS OR WHATEVER.

456
00:16:39,865 --> 00:16:44,970
>> THANK YOU.

457
00:16:44,970 --> 00:16:46,605
>> I AM MIKE COLLINS, JACK, I

458
00:16:46,605 --> 00:16:49,508
WISH I WAS UP THERE WITH YOU.

459
00:16:49,508 --> 00:16:51,844
I KNOW YOU ARE SHEPHERDING

460
00:16:51,844 --> 00:16:52,544
DOZENS --

461
00:16:52,544 --> 00:17:03,789
[ LAUGHTER ]

462
00:17:03,789 --> 00:17:04,223
>> [ INAUDIBLE ]

463
00:17:04,223 --> 00:17:06,925
IS THAT THE MIKE COLLINS?

464
00:17:06,925 --> 00:17:07,326
[ LAUGHTER ]

465
00:17:07,326 --> 00:17:07,626
>> NO.

466
00:17:07,626 --> 00:17:08,727
NO.

467
00:17:08,727 --> 00:17:11,063
[ LAUGHTER ]

468
00:17:11,063 --> 00:17:12,865
>> IMPOSTOR, BUT I DO HAVE A

469
00:17:12,865 --> 00:17:13,265
QUESTION FOR YOU.

470
00:17:13,265 --> 00:17:15,200
AND THAT IS I KNOW YOU ARE

471
00:17:15,200 --> 00:17:18,003
SHEPHERDING DOZENS OF EXPERTS

472
00:17:18,003 --> 00:17:18,604
THERE.

473
00:17:18,604 --> 00:17:20,806
WHICH ONE IS YOUR FAVORITE OR

474
00:17:20,806 --> 00:17:22,241
MAYBE BETTER WHICH ONE DO YOU

475
00:17:22,241 --> 00:17:23,942
THINK IS MOST IMPORTANT?

476
00:17:23,942 --> 00:17:25,744
WHAT IS SHOWING EVIDENCE OF

477
00:17:25,744 --> 00:17:27,880
BEING ABLE TO IMPROVE OUR LIVES

478
00:17:27,880 --> 00:17:32,651
HERE ON EARTH?

479
00:17:32,651 --> 00:17:34,353
>> MAN, SIR, IT'S A PLEASURE TO

480
00:17:34,353 --> 00:17:34,953
TALK TO YOU.

481
00:17:34,953 --> 00:17:35,654
I DON'T KNOW IF YOU REMEMBER,

482
00:17:35,654 --> 00:17:37,656
BUT I GOT TO SIT WITH YOU A FEW

483
00:17:37,656 --> 00:17:41,794
YEARS AGO AT THE M.I.T. BANQUET.

484
00:17:41,794 --> 00:17:43,295
WHAT AN HONOR.

485
00:17:43,295 --> 00:17:46,732
AS FAR AS EXPERIMENTS, SIR, YOU

486
00:17:46,732 --> 00:17:50,569
KNOW, I THINK THAT YOU PROVED IN

487
00:17:50,569 --> 00:17:52,671
APOLLO AND IN THE EARLY SPACE

488
00:17:52,671 --> 00:17:56,008
PROGRAM THAT SOMETIMES THE MOST

489
00:17:56,008 --> 00:17:56,909
IMPACT.

490
00:17:56,909 --> 00:17:58,410
THINGS THAT WE DISCOVER ARE

491
00:17:58,410 --> 00:17:59,711
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS WE DIDN'T

492
00:17:59,711 --> 00:18:00,913
KNOW WE HAD.

493
00:18:00,913 --> 00:18:03,649
AND I THINK THAT, YOU KNOW, I

494
00:18:03,649 --> 00:18:05,350
CAN GO THROUGH AND LIST DOZENS

495
00:18:05,350 --> 00:18:06,885
OF EXPERIMENTS THAT I AM WORKING

496
00:18:06,885 --> 00:18:08,587
ON BECAUSE OF THIS UNIQUE

497
00:18:08,587 --> 00:18:10,389
ENVIRONMENT WITHOUT GRAVITY AND

498
00:18:10,389 --> 00:18:13,425
CONVECTION AND SEDIMENTATION WE

499
00:18:13,425 --> 00:18:15,427
CAN GROW PERFECT CRYSTALS AND DO

500
00:18:15,427 --> 00:18:17,262
ALL OF THESE WONDERFUL THINGS,

501
00:18:17,262 --> 00:18:18,664
BUT IT MIGHT BE THE MOST

502
00:18:18,664 --> 00:18:20,666
INNOCUOUS EXPERIMENT THAT HAS

503
00:18:20,666 --> 00:18:21,700
THE BIGGEST EFFECT.

504
00:18:21,700 --> 00:18:26,805
AND I ALSO THINK INSPIRATION IS

505
00:18:26,805 --> 00:18:34,313
HARD TO QUANTIFY YOU ABOUT, HAS

506
00:18:34,313 --> 00:18:35,214
SUCH A HUGE IMPACT.

507
00:18:35,214 --> 00:18:36,315
WHEN I WAS WORKING ON THE

508
00:18:36,315 --> 00:18:36,715
RAPTOR.

509
00:18:36,715 --> 00:18:38,150
THEY FOUND OUT THAT I WANTED TO

510
00:18:38,150 --> 00:18:39,551
APPLY FOR THE ASTRONAUT PROGRAM

511
00:18:39,551 --> 00:18:41,753
AND I SAID, WELL, HOW MANY OF

512
00:18:41,753 --> 00:18:43,188
YOU GUYS, YOU KNOW, GOT

513
00:18:43,188 --> 00:18:44,389
INTERESTED IN ENGINEERING

514
00:18:44,389 --> 00:18:46,992
BECAUSE OF SPACE?

515
00:18:46,992 --> 00:18:49,127
EVERY SINGLE PERSON IN THE ROOM

516
00:18:49,127 --> 00:18:50,329
RAISED THEIR HAND.

517
00:18:50,329 --> 00:18:53,632
IT WAS GUYS FROM 20 TO 60 AND

518
00:18:53,632 --> 00:18:54,566
EVERY SINGLE ONE RAISED THEIR

519
00:18:54,566 --> 00:18:55,968
HAND.

520
00:18:55,968 --> 00:18:58,871
SO THAT'S WHAT YOU DO, SIR, AND

521
00:18:58,871 --> 00:19:01,006
THAT'S WHAT WE HOPE WE CAN

522
00:19:01,006 --> 00:19:03,609
CONTINUE TO DO TO GET THE NEXT

523
00:19:03,609 --> 00:19:06,545
GENERATION GOING AND TO REALLY

524
00:19:06,545 --> 00:19:08,447
GET THIS WHOLE SPACE EXPLORATION

525
00:19:08,447 --> 00:19:12,284
THING MOVING FOR GOOD.

526
00:19:12,284 --> 00:19:13,785
>> YOU CERTAINLY ARE DOING IT,

527
00:19:13,785 --> 00:19:15,587
JACK, BIG TIME, AND A LOT BETTER

528
00:19:15,587 --> 00:19:16,922
THAN WE EVER DID, THANK YOU FOR

529
00:19:16,922 --> 00:19:17,623
YOUR WORK UP THERE.

530
00:19:17,623 --> 00:19:27,666
[ APPLAUSE ]

531
00:19:27,666 --> 00:19:28,800
>> I KNOW WE ARE RUNNING OUT OF

532
00:19:28,800 --> 00:19:30,235
TIME SO I WILL TRY TO BE QUICK,

533
00:19:30,235 --> 00:19:33,138
I AM ANDREW OWN I AM A PH.D

534
00:19:33,138 --> 00:19:35,073
CANDIDATE AT M.I.T. AND DID MY

535
00:19:35,073 --> 00:19:37,075
UNDER GRAD AT RICE UNIVERSITY.

536
00:19:37,075 --> 00:19:39,011
I ALSO HAD A QUESTION ABOUT

537
00:19:39,011 --> 00:19:40,412
TECHNOLOGY OR DEPARTMENT.

538
00:19:40,412 --> 00:19:42,447
WHAT INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES DO

539
00:19:42,447 --> 00:19:43,549
YOU THINK HAVE THE POTENTIAL FOR

540
00:19:43,549 --> 00:19:44,449
THE MOST BENEFIT?

541
00:19:44,449 --> 00:19:45,751
AND HOW WOULD YOUR LIFE ON THE

542
00:19:45,751 --> 00:19:46,852
STATION BE DIFFERENT NOW IF WE

543
00:19:46,852 --> 00:19:52,090
HAD THOSE TECHNOLOGIES TODAY?

544
00:19:52,090 --> 00:19:53,492
>> YOU KNOW, I AM SORRY, I AM

545
00:19:53,492 --> 00:19:54,927
PROBABLY TALKING TOO LONG FOR

546
00:19:54,927 --> 00:19:57,029
EACH QUESTION AND I WANT TO GET

547
00:19:57,029 --> 00:19:58,964
EVERYBODY THROUGH.

548
00:19:58,964 --> 00:20:00,966
AS FAR AS YOUR QUESTION UP HERE

549
00:20:00,966 --> 00:20:04,269
IN THE SPACE STATION, THE SPACE

550
00:20:04,269 --> 00:20:06,104
STATION IS AN EVOLUTION OF

551
00:20:06,104 --> 00:20:06,705
TECHNOLOGY.

552
00:20:06,705 --> 00:20:09,141
SO WE JUST KEEP UPDATING IT AS

553
00:20:09,141 --> 00:20:09,541
WE GO.

554
00:20:09,541 --> 00:20:11,043
IT'S 15 YEARS OLD, BUT WE HAVE

555
00:20:11,043 --> 00:20:12,244
SOME OF THE MOST MODERN

556
00:20:12,244 --> 00:20:12,945
EQUIPMENT IN THE WORLD.

557
00:20:12,945 --> 00:20:16,582
SO IT'S NOT THE BIGGEST -- IT

558
00:20:16,582 --> 00:20:17,382
WOULDN'T HAVE THE BIGGEST

559
00:20:17,382 --> 00:20:17,883
IMPACT.

560
00:20:17,883 --> 00:20:20,719
THE BIGGEST IMPACTS FOR US ARE

561
00:20:20,719 --> 00:20:22,421
THE EFFICIENCY THAT WE SEE

562
00:20:22,421 --> 00:20:24,856
COMING WITH THE COMMERCIAL

563
00:20:24,856 --> 00:20:27,859
PROVIDERS MAKING SPACE MORE

564
00:20:27,859 --> 00:20:29,194
ACCESSIBLE.

565
00:20:29,194 --> 00:20:33,231
YOU KNOW, FIRST REUSING FIRST

566
00:20:33,231 --> 00:20:35,367
STAGE NEW ENGINES, LIKE BLUE

567
00:20:35,367 --> 00:20:37,970
ORIGIN SPACE X.

568
00:20:37,970 --> 00:20:40,806
SIERRA NEVADA, SIGNUS, ALL OF

569
00:20:40,806 --> 00:20:43,008
THESE ORBITAL, ALL OF THESE

570
00:20:43,008 --> 00:20:44,409
COMPANIES ARE MAKE SPACE MORE

571
00:20:44,409 --> 00:20:45,410
AFFORDABLE AND THIS IS

572
00:20:45,410 --> 00:20:45,677
IMPORTANT.

573
00:20:45,677 --> 00:20:51,249
THE OTHER THING WE NEED IS FOR

574
00:20:51,249 --> 00:20:52,484
ANY DEEPER EXPLORATION IS

575
00:20:52,484 --> 00:20:53,085
PROPULSION.

576
00:20:53,085 --> 00:20:54,086
RIGHT NOW, YOU KNOW, WE ARE

577
00:20:54,086 --> 00:20:55,687
TALKING SPECIFIC IMPULSE AROUND

578
00:20:55,687 --> 00:20:55,988
400.

579
00:20:55,988 --> 00:21:02,227
THAT'S AS GOOD AS WE GET WITH

580
00:21:02,227 --> 00:21:02,961
THE LIQUID.

581
00:21:02,961 --> 00:21:04,262
WE NEED TO DO BETTER.

582
00:21:04,262 --> 00:21:05,564
SOME OF THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES ARE

583
00:21:05,564 --> 00:21:10,702
IN TO THE 10S OF THOUSANDS

584
00:21:10,702 --> 00:21:13,005
EVEN THOUGH IT'S THE THRUST OF A

585
00:21:13,005 --> 00:21:13,438
BUTTERFLY.

586
00:21:13,438 --> 00:21:15,240
IF YOU POINT HIM IN THE RIGHT

587
00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:16,441
DIRECTION AND KEEP HIM PARTING

588
00:21:16,441 --> 00:21:17,876
HE WILL GET FAR IN SPACE.

589
00:21:17,876 --> 00:21:19,878
WE NEED TO DEVELOP THESE

590
00:21:19,878 --> 00:21:21,780
TECHNOLOGIES SO THE SIX-MONTH

591
00:21:21,780 --> 00:21:23,215
TRIP TO MARS IS 30 DAYS AND WE

592
00:21:23,215 --> 00:21:24,216
DON'T HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT THE

593
00:21:24,216 --> 00:21:28,453
RADIATION, THAT'S THE KEY FOR US

594
00:21:28,453 --> 00:21:34,893
TO PUSH DEEPER IN TO THE GALAXY.

595
00:21:34,893 --> 00:21:35,994
>> JACK, WE HAVE GONE ON TOO

596
00:21:35,994 --> 00:21:36,895
LONG, I LOVE YOU.

597
00:21:36,895 --> 00:21:38,330
EVERYBODY THAT DIDN'T GET TO ASK

598
00:21:38,330 --> 00:21:39,331
A QUESTION, YOU ARE USING MY

599
00:21:39,331 --> 00:21:41,433
TIME, SAY YOUR NAME, SAY JACK,

600
00:21:41,433 --> 00:21:42,668
WE'LL DO THIS AGAIN.

601
00:21:42,668 --> 00:21:43,568
>> HI, MATT.

602
00:21:43,568 --> 00:21:44,770
GOOD TO SEE YOU AGAIN.

603
00:21:44,770 --> 00:21:46,605
IT WAS GREAT TO MEET YOU AT

604
00:21:46,605 --> 00:21:48,106
SPACE X AND I AM REALLY HAPPY TO

605
00:21:48,106 --> 00:21:51,910
FINALLY SEE NEW SPACE.

606
00:21:51,910 --> 00:21:53,245
>> I AM FOR SHORT FOR THIS, I AM

607
00:21:53,245 --> 00:21:55,147
KAYLA, WE WILL TAKE A RAIN

608
00:21:55,147 --> 00:21:56,948
CHECK.

609
00:21:56,948 --> 00:21:58,784
>> HI, JACK, I AM ERIC, I'LL

610
00:21:58,784 --> 00:22:00,085
SHOOT YOU AT TEXT AND WE'LL TALK

611
00:22:00,085 --> 00:22:01,620
ABOUT VIRTUAL REALITY LATER.

612
00:22:01,620 --> 00:22:02,821
>> OKAY.

613
00:22:02,821 --> 00:22:04,523
>> HI, JACK, I AM RONNIE FOREMAN

614
00:22:04,523 --> 00:22:06,224
SECOND YEAR CANDIDATE HERE AND

615
00:22:06,224 --> 00:22:07,959
DID NIGH UNDER GRAD AT GEORGIA

616
00:22:07,959 --> 00:22:08,860
TECH, AND I WILL TALK TO YOU

617
00:22:08,860 --> 00:22:09,561
NEXT TIME.

618
00:22:09,561 --> 00:22:10,262
THANKS VERY MUCH.

619
00:22:10,262 --> 00:22:11,897
>> JACK, YOU DID A PHENOMENAL

620
00:22:11,897 --> 00:22:12,497
JOB.

621
00:22:12,497 --> 00:22:18,336
WE ARE SO PROUD OF YOU HERE.

622
00:22:18,336 --> 00:22:19,938
>> YOU CANNOT BEGIN TO IMAGINE.

623
00:22:19,938 --> 00:22:21,339
>> SORRY I TALKED SO LONG.

624
00:22:21,339 --> 00:22:23,775
>> I ADORE YOU, JACK, YOU CAN

625
00:22:23,775 --> 00:22:25,377
TALK UNTIL YOU ARE BLUE IN THE

626
00:22:25,377 --> 00:22:25,677
FACE.

627
00:22:25,677 --> 00:22:26,578
YOU ARE AWESOME.

628
00:22:26,578 --> 00:22:30,649
YOU ARE COVERED IN SAW SOME

629
00:22:30,649 --> 00:22:32,050
SAUCE, MY FRIEND.

630
00:22:32,050 --> 00:22:32,851
>> BURRITO.

631
00:22:32,851 --> 00:22:34,286
OH, WATCH, I AM GOING TO DO A

632
00:22:34,286 --> 00:22:34,586
FLIP.

633
00:22:34,586 --> 00:22:35,187
ARE YOU READY?

634
00:22:35,187 --> 00:22:36,788
HERE WE GO.

635
00:22:36,788 --> 00:22:44,629
READ NIGH SOCKS.

636
00:22:44,629 --> 00:22:45,831
>> DID YOU READ THEM?

637
00:22:45,831 --> 00:22:47,265
>> ONE MORE TIME.

638
00:22:47,265 --> 00:22:53,305
SLOWER.

639
00:22:53,305 --> 00:22:53,905
>> OH.

640
00:22:53,905 --> 00:22:55,307
>> MY WIFE GAVE ME THESE.

641
00:22:55,307 --> 00:23:02,748
[ LAUGHTER ]

642
00:23:02,748 --> 00:23:04,583
>> STATION, THIS IS HOUSTON

643
00:23:04,583 --> 00:23:05,884
A.C.R. THAT CONCLUDES THE

644
00:23:05,884 --> 00:23:12,124
EVENTS.

645
00:23:12,124 --> 00:23:13,024
>> THANK YOU TO ALL PARTICIPANTS

646
00:23:13,024 --> 00:23:14,226
AND GUESTS FROM MASSACHUSETTS

647
00:23:14,226 --> 00:23:15,527
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY.

648
00:23:15,527 --> 00:23:16,962
STAYS, WE ARE NOW RESUMING